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<title>概念: 探索性测试</title>
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<td nowrap="true" class="pageTitle">概念：探索性测试</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">探索性测试是指测试设计和测试执行同时进行。这种测试与脚本测试（手工或自动的预定义测试过程）不同。探索性测试与脚本测试的不同之处在于它不是预先定义并按照计划精确地执行的。</td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">关系</div>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">相关元素</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
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<a href="./../../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_test_strategy_C1677B8.html" guid="{DC3E85E6-C5A9-4AC6-8DDF-E2CF2CB0573E}">测试策略</a>
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<a href="./../../../core.base_rup/roles/rup_test_designer_5F59E64F.html" guid="{84F723B5-288F-4AC4-B6C1-C75A07BFEEED}">测试设计人员</a>
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<a href="./../../../core.base_rup/disciplines/rup_test_discipline_9DFAFB2F.html" guid="_yd3EzdnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">测试</a>
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<div class="sectionHeading">主要描述</div>
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<p>
    探索性测试被认为最先由 Cem Kaner et. al. 在 <i>Testing Computer Software</i> <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/customcategories/references_56F06DFD.html#KAN99" guid="7.755968586980351E-308">[KAN99]</a>
    中定义，此后其他人（包括 James Bach）的工作使它得以普及。在 Bach 主张的探索性测试风格中，首先简要计划并进行持续大约 90 分钟的简短探索会话，然后记录并复审结果。
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    以下援引自 James Bach 的内容可解释“探索性测试”的某些优点：
</p>
<blockquote>
    <p>
        “探索性软件测试是一种强大、有趣的测试方法。在某些情况下，它的效率比脚本测试高出很多个数量级。我还没有发现哪个测试员不曾执行过探索性测试 －
        至少是无意识地执行过。但是我们很少有人研究这种方法，它在行业中还没有得到足够的重视。现在正是我们停止否定并公开认可探索性方法的时候，因为它是科学的实时思考。”<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/customcategories/references_56F06DFD.html#BAC01a" guid="7.755968586980351E-308">[BAC01a]</a>
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</blockquote>
<p>
    Bach 将该技术简单地定义为“同时进行测试设计和测试执行”。 这个测试计算机软件的技术无需大量的高级规划而且可以容许测试目标只有有限的文档。该技术而是主要依赖于测试员的技能和知识来指导测试，并使用积极的反馈循环来指导和校准工作。
</p>
<p>
    我们推荐从以下资源中获取关于探索性测试的进一步信息：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        James Bach <a href="http://www.satisfice.com/" target="_blank">http://www.satisfice.com</a> 
        <ul>
            <li>
                <a href="http://www.satisfice.com/articles/what_is_et.htm" target="_blank">Exploratory Testing</a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="http://www.satisfice.com/tools/procedure.pdf" target="_blank">General Functionality and Stability
                Test Procedure</a> for Microsoft's Windows 2000 Compatibility Certification program。（<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/alternate.html">获取 Adobe Reader</a>）
            </li>
        </ul><br />
    </li>
    <li>
        Cem Kaner, J.D., Ph. D. <a href="http://www.kaner.com" target="_blank">http://www.kaner.com</a> 
        <ul>
            <li>
                <a href="http://www.kaner.com/pdfs/slides/exptest.pdf" target="_blank">Exploratory Testing in Pairs</a>（<a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/alternate.html">获取 Adobe Reader</a>）
            </li>
        </ul>
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